Library Euronext

Overview

Description:

Unlock the power of financial data from the Euronext stock exchange with the Euronext R package. Dive into the world of stocks, indices, funds, ETFs, and bonds, and harness the convenience of a user-friendly interface for seamless data retrieval. Whether you’re a researcher, investor, or financial enthusiast, this package provides a valuable resource for accessing and analyzing historical data, share prices, trading volumes, and more.

Disclaimer:

Please note that the Euronext R package is a tool designed to access and retrieve public financial information from the Euronext stock exchange. The data returned by the Euronext R package originates from Euronext, and the package author is not the source of this data. All information is derived from the public domain, and users are advised to refer to the official Euronext website for specific data needs.

Get in touch with the Euronext package and elevate your understanding of financial markets through the lens of R.

Description

English

The Euronext R Package is a powerful tool for accessing and retrieving financial information from the Euronext stock exchange. Whether you are interested in stocks, indexes, funds, ETFs, or bonds, this package provides a convenient interface to gather essential data for analysis and decision-making in the financial domain. With user-friendly functionalities, it simplifies the process of collecting historical data on share prices, trading volumes, and other financial indicators. Researchers, investors, and other users can extract valuable insights and make informed decisions based on the comprehensive information available. In essence, the ‘Euronext’ library is a valuable asset for those seeking a deeper understanding of Euronext and the financial markets in Europe.

Français

Le package R Euronext est un outil puissant pour accéder et récupérer des informations financières de la bourse Euronext. Que vous soyez intéressé par les actions, les indices, les fonds, les ETF ou les obligations, ce package offre une interface pratique pour collecter des données essentielles pour l’analyse et la prise de décision dans le domaine financier. Avec des fonctionnalités conviviales, il simplifie le processus de collecte de données historiques sur les prix des actions, les volumes de transactions et d’autres indicateurs financiers. Les chercheurs, les investisseurs et d’autres utilisateurs peuvent extraire des informations précieuses et prendre des décisions éclairées en se basant sur les informations complètes disponibles. En somme, la bibliothèque ‘Euronext’ est un atout précieux pour ceux qui cherchent à approfondir leur compréhension d’Euronext et des marchés financiers en Europe.

Html version of the Readme Since the size of the readme is huge due to the charts, you can visit the html version of the readme on RPubs

Installation

Installation guidelines

You can install the development version of EURONEXT from github with:

# github dev version
## We can use devtools
# Install the development version from GitHub
devtools::install_github("Fredysessie/Euronext")

# Or use remotes
# install.packages("remotes")

remotes::install_github("Fredysessie/Euronext")

EN_GetProfile() function

To better utilize the various functions of the ‘Euronext’ package, it is crucial to provide accurate information (such as ticker Name, ISIN, Symbol, or DNA) to the functions.

This function retrieves the profile of a given ticker - Equity, Index, Fund, ETF, or Bond - listed on the Euronext exchange based on its ticker Name, ISIN, Symbol, or DNA. It returns a list with details such as Name, ISIN, Symbol, and DNA information. It receives two (2) parameters: - ‘ticker’ : A character string representing the company’s ticker Name, ISIN, Symbol or DNA, - ‘stock_type’ : The type of the ticker: ‘Eq_Ind’ for Stocks and Indexes, ‘Fund’ or “F” for Fund tickers, ‘Bond’ or “B” for Bond tickers, and ‘Etfs’ or “E” for EFTs.

Example 1.a : Retrieve the profile (characteristics) of a specified Equity, Index, Fund, ETF, or Bond listed on Euronext.

Please refer to the respective functions EN_GetISIN(), EN_GetISIN_Etf(), EN_GetISIN_F(), and EN_GetISIN_B() if you wish to obtain the DNA of a giving Equity or Index, ETF, Fund, and Bond listed on Euronext (retrieving DNA is useful in case you decide to use ‘escape = T’ option).

# Note: For Equity, Index, Fund, and ETF, provide the giving Symbol, ISIN, Name, or DNA for best results, but for a Bond, provide its DNA and sometimes its Name for best results because a company or country can issue more than one Bond.

 ## Equities
 # Example a : '3D SYSTEMS CORP' equity
 EN_GetProfile("4ddd")  # By providing Symbol
#> $Name
#> [1] "3D SYSTEMS CORP"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "US88554D2053"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "US88554D2053-ETLX"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "4DDD"

 # Example b : 'ALFEN' equity
 EN_GetProfile("NL0012817175") # By providing ISIN
#> $Name
#> [1] "ALFEN"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "NL0012817175"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "NL0012817175-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "ALFEN"

 # Example c : 'LES HOTELS BAVEREZ' equity
 EN_GetProfile("LES HOTELS BAVEREZ") # By providing Name
#> $Name
#> [1] "LES HOTELS BAVEREZ"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "FR0007080254"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "FR0007080254-ALXP"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "ALLHB"
 
 # Example d : 'BE SEMICONDUCTOR' equity
 EN_GetProfile("NL0012866412-XAMS") # By providing DNA
#> $Name
#> [1] "BE SEMICONDUCTOR"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "NL0012866412"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "NL0012866412-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "BESI"
 
 ## Indices 
 # Example a : 'AEX CONS STAPL GR' Index
 EN_GetProfile("NLCSG") # By providing Symbol
#> $Name
#> [1] "AEX CONS STAPL GR"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "QS0011225420"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "QS0011225420-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "NLCSG"
 
 # Example b : 'AEX All-Share Index' Index
 EN_GetProfile("NL0000249100") # By providing ISIN
#> $Name
#> [1] "AEX ALL-SHARE"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "NL0000249100"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "NL0000249100-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "AAX"

 # Example c : 'Euronext Core Europe 30 EW Decrement 5% NR' Index
 EN_GetProfile("EN CE EW30 D 5% NR") # By providing Name
#> $Name
#> [1] "EN CE EW30 D 5% NR"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "NL0012483929"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "NL0012483929-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "COR30"
 
 # Example d : 'SBF 120 NR' Index
 EN_GetProfile("QS0011131842-XPAR") # By providing DNA
#> $Name
#> [1] "SBF 120 NR"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "QS0011131842"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "QS0011131842-XPAR"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "PX4NR"
 
 ## ETFs 
 # Example a : 'Asia IG Corp US A' Etf
 EN_GetProfile("$Asia IG Corp US A", stock_type = 'E') # By providing Name
#> $Name
#> [1] "$ASIA IG CORP US A"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "IE0007G78AC4"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "IE0007G78AC4-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "ASIG"
 
 # Example b : '1X MSFT' Etf
 EN_GetProfile("MSFT", stock_type = 'E') # By providing Symbol
#> $Name
#> [1] "1X MSFT"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "XS2337100320"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "XS2337100320-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "MSFT"
 
 # Example c : '3X LONG COINBASE' Etf
 EN_GetProfile("XS2399367254", stock_type = 'E') # By providing ISIN of 3X LONG COINBASE
#> $Name
#> [1] "3X LONG COINBASE"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "XS2399367254"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "XS2399367254-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "3CON"
 
 # Example d : '3X PLTR' Etf
 EN_GetProfile("XS2663694680-XAMS", stock_type = 'E') # By providing DNA
#> $Name
#> [1] "3X PLTR"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "XS2663694680"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "XS2663694680-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "3PLT"

 # Funds
 # Example a : 'ACOMEA PERFORMANCE' Fund
 EN_GetProfile("ACAPER", stock_type = 'F') # By providing Symbol
#> $Name
#> [1] "ACOMEA PERFORMANCE"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "IT0005090912"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "IT0005090912-ATFX"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "ACAPER"
 
 # Example b : 'BNP ESGNL' Fund
 EN_GetProfile("BNP ESGNL", stock_type = 'F') # By providing Name
#> $Name
#> [1] "BNP ESGNL"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "NL0012727432"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "NL0012727432-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "ESGNL"
 
 # Example c : 'SWIF2' Fund
 EN_GetProfile("NL0015000W40", stock_type = 'F') # By providing ISIN of SWIF2
#> $Name
#> [1] "SWIF2"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "NL0015000W40"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "NL0015000W40-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "SWIF2"

 # Example d : 'GOLDMAN SACHS PARAPLUFONDS 2 N' Fund
 EN_GetProfile("NL0000293181-XAMS", stock_type = 'F') # By providing DNA of GSDM5
#> $Name
#> [1] "GS DYN MIX FD V"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "NL0000293181"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "NL0000293181-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Symbol
#> [1] "GSDM5"

 # Examples for Bonds
 # Example a: 'A2A SLB TF 0,625%' Bond
 EN_GetProfile("XS2364001078-XMOT", stock_type = 'B') # By providing DNA
#> $Name
#> [1] "A2A SLB TF 0,625%"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "IT0005386724"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "XS2364001078-XMOT"
#> 
#> $Issuer
#> [1] "A2A S.p.A."

 # Example b: 'AAB1.50%30SEP30' Bond
 EN_GetProfile("AAB1.50%30SEP30", stock_type = 'B') # By providing Name
#> $Name
#> [1] "AAB1.50%30SEP30"
#> 
#> $ISIN
#> [1] "IT0005386724"
#> 
#> $DNA
#> [1] "XS1298431799-XAMS"
#> 
#> $Issuer
#> [1] "ABN AMRO BANK N.V."

EN_Get_News() function

This function retrieves the update information of a company listed on the Euronext exchange based on its ticker symbol. It returns a table with details such as its real Name, ISIN, Last traded Price, Date of last update, and other relevant informations.

Inputs : - ticker A character string representing the company’s ticker, name, or ISIN. - stock_type The type of the ticker: ‘Eq_Ind’ for Stocks and Indexes, ‘Fund’ or “F” for Fund tickers,‘Bond’ or “B” for Bond tickers, and ‘Etfs’ or “E” for EFTs. - escape Boolean, either T or F. If escape is True, it means you’re providing the DNA (ISIN-Market identifier) directly. Giving T to escape is helpful to avoid time-consuming operations; otherwise, F means you need to provide the Ticker symbol, name, or ISIN and the type of market to which it belongs.

Example 1.b : Get Latest News for an Equity

# Retrieve news for the equity "AALBERTS N.V." using its DNA
equity_news <- EN_Get_News("NL0000852564-XAMS", escape = TRUE)
print(equity_news)

Information	Detail
Name	AALBERTS N.V.
Belongs to	Euronext Amsterdam
ISIN	NL0000852564
Type	Stock
Last traded Price	36.00
Date of last update	09/02/2024 - 17:35 CET
Since Open	-0.14 (-0.39%)
Since Previous Close	-0.07 (-0.19%)
Valuation Close	36.00
Best Bid	35.86
Best Ask	36.50

Example 1.c : Get Latest News for an Index

# Retrieve news for the index "AEX All-Share Index GR" using its symbol
index_news <- EN_Get_News("QS0011224977-XAMS", escape = TRUE)
print(index_news)

Information	Detail
Name	AEX All-Share Index GR
Belongs to	Euronext Amsterdam
ISIN	QS0011224977
Type	Index
Last level	4,532.69
Date of last update	09/02/2024 - 18:05 CET
Since Open	+35.42 (+0.79%)
Since Previous Close	+35.42 (+0.79%)

Example 1.d : Get Latest News for a Bond

# Retrieve news for the bond "AAB0.45%12DEC2036" using its DNA
bond_news <- EN_Get_News("XS2093705064-XAMS", escape = TRUE)
print(bond_news)

Information	Detail
Name	AAB0.45%12DEC2036
Belongs to	Euronext Amsterdam
ISIN	XS2093705064
Type	Bond
Valuation Close	100.00

EN_Stocks_List() function

This function receives as input stock_choice and then retrieves a list of companies listed on the provided Euronext stock exchanges, filtered by the initial letter of their names. It provides information such as the company name, ticker symbol, ISIN code, market, last closing price, percentage change, and a link to the company’s details on the Euronext website. - stock_choice A character string specifying the stock exchange. Options include “A” or “Amsterdam,” “B” or “Brussels,” “D” or “Dublin”, “L” or “Lisbon,” “M” or “Milan,” “P” or “Paris,” and “O” or “Oslo.”

Example 2.a : Get Euronext Stocks List

# The columns names of the initial dataframe is c("Date", "Name", "Ticker", "Code_ISIN", "Market", "Last_price", "Percentage change (in %)", "URL", "Ticker_adn")

# So I will only display columns "Name", "Ticker", "Code_ISIN", "Market", "Last_price" and "Percentage change (in %)"

# For Amsterdam Stock
a_result_df <- EN_Stocks_List("A")
head(a_result_df)[,c(2:6)]

Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Last_price
AALBERTS NV	AALB	NL0000852564	XAMS	€36.00
ABN AMRO BANK N.V.	ABN	NL0011540547	XAMS	€13.08
ACCSYS	AXS	GB00BQQFX454	XAMS	€0.66
ACOMO	ACOMO	NL0000313286	XAMS	€17.52
ADUX	ADUX	FR0012821890	XPAR, XAMS	€1.31
ADYEN	ADYEN	NL0012969182	XAMS	€1

# For Brussels Stock
b_result_df <- EN_Stocks_List("B")[,c(2:6)]
tail(b_result_df)

	Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Last_price
137	WDP	WDP	BE0974349814	XBRU, XAMS	€25.76
138	WERELDHAVE BELGIUM	WEHB	BE0003724383	XBRU	€47.60
139	WHAT	WHATS	BE0003573814	XBRU	€56.40
140	WHITESTONE GROUP	ROCK	BE0974401334	ALXB	€10.40
141	XIOR	XIOR	BE0974288202	XBRU	€27.10
142	ZENOBE GRAMME CERT	ZEN	BE0003809267	XBRU	€180.00

# For Paris Stock
p_result_df <- EN_Stocks_List("P")[,c(2:6)]
head(p_result_df)

Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Last_price
1000MERCIS	ALMIL	FR0010285965	ALXP	€26.00
2CRSI	AL2SI	FR0013341781	ALXP	€4.14
A.S.T. GROUPE	ALAST	FR0000076887	ALXP	€0.962
AB SCIENCE	AB	FR0010557264	XPAR	€3.14
ABC ARBITRAGE	ABCA	FR0004040608	XPAR	€4.39
ABEO	ABEO	FR0013185857	XPAR	€13.15

# For Lisbon Stock
l_result_df <- EN_Stocks_List("L")[,c(2:6)]  
head(l_result_df)

Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Last_price
AGUAS DA CURIA	CUR	PTCUR0AP0000	ENXL	€1.17
ALTRI SGPS	ALTR	PTALT0AE0002	XLIS	€4.402
ATRIUM BIRE SIGI	MLATR	PTTBI0AM0006	ENXL	NANA
B.COM.PORTUGUES	BCP	PTBCP0AM0015	XLIS	€0.2543
BENFICA	SLBEN	PTSLB0AM0010	XLIS	€2.90
COFINA,SGPS	CFN	PTCFN0AE0003	XLIS	€0.43

# For Milan Stock
m_result_df <- EN_Stocks_List("M")[,c(2:6)]  # For Milan Stock
tail(m_result_df)

	Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Last_price
1903	ZOETIS	4ZTS	US98978V1035	ETLX	€183.00
1904	ZOETIS	2ZTS	US98978V1035	MTAH	€173.20
1905	ZOOM VIDEO COMM	4ZM	US98980L1017	ETLX	€59.43
1906	ZOOM VIDEO COMM	1ZM	US98980L1017	BGEM	€58.78
1907	ZOOM VIDEO COMM	2ZM	US98980L1017	MTAH	€64.31
1908	ZUCCHI	ZUC	IT0005395071	MTAA	€2.05

# For Dublin Stock
d_result_df <- EN_Stocks_List("D")[,c(2:6)]  
tail(d_result_df)

	Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Last_price
28	ORIGIN ENT. PLC	OIZ	IE00B1WV4493	XESM	€3.40
29	OVOCA BIO PLC	OVXA	IE00B4XVDC01	XESM	€0.01
30	PERM. TSB GP. HOLD	PTSB	IE00BWB8X525	XMSM	€1.65
31	RYANAIR HOLD. PLC	RYA	IE00BYTBXV33	XMSM	€20.00
32	SMURFIT KAPPA GP	SK3	IE00B1RR8406	XMSM	€37.15
33	UNIPHAR PLC	UPR	IE00BJ5FQX74	XESM	€2.87

# For Oslo Stock
o_result_df <- EN_Stocks_List("O")[,c(2:6)]
head(o_result_df, 10)

Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Last_price
AALBERTS NV	AALB	NL0000852564	XAMS	€36.00
ABN AMRO BANK N.V.	ABN	NL0011540547	XAMS	€13.08
ACCSYS	AXS	GB00BQQFX454	XAMS	€0.66
ACOMO	ACOMO	NL0000313286	XAMS	€17.52
ADUX	ADUX	FR0012821890	XPAR, XAMS	€1.31
ADYEN	ADYEN	NL0012969182	XAMS	€1

Example 2.b : Euronext Paris ticker ISIN

# Retrieve the ISIN for a company with ticker "abca"
EN_P_Ticker_adn("abca")
#> [1] "FR0004040608-XPAR"

# Example result for a valid ticker "AAA"
result <- EN_P_Ticker_adn("AAA")
print(result)
#> [1] "FR0000062465-XPAR"

# Example for a non-existing ticker "afsf"
print(EN_P_Ticker_adn("afsf"))  # Ticker is not existing
#> [1] "Ticker not found"

Example 2.c : Show in detail Paris Euronext Stocks

EN_Indices_List() function

It receives no argument and retrieves information about all indices available on Euronext.

Example 3 : Get the list of Euronext Indexes

# Get list of Indices available on Euronext
all_indices = EN_Indices_List()
dim(all_indices)
tail(all_indices)

#> [1] 1263    8

Name	Isin	Symbol	Last	Percentage change (in %)	Date_Time	YTD%	Ticker_adn
SBF Top 50 ESG EW GR	FR0013371432	ESF5G	€1252.28	-0.40%	09 Feb 2024	-0.74%	FR0013371432-ESF5G
SBF Top 50 ESG EW NR	FR0013371424	ESF5N	€1193.37	-0.40%	09 Feb 2024	-0.79%	FR0013371424-ESF5N
SBF Top 80 EW	FR0013017936	SBF80	€1246.28	+0.10%	09 Feb 2024	-0.46%	FR0013017936-SBF80
SBF Top 80 EW Decrement 50 Points	FR0013017969	SBF8D	€1001.85	+0.08%	09 Feb 2024	-0.92%	FR0013017969-SBF8D
SBF Top 80 EW GR	FR0013017951	SBF8G	€1587.18	+0.10%	09 Feb 2024	-0.35%	FR0013017951-SBF8G
SBF Top 80 EW NR	FR0013017944	SBF8N	€1485.20	+0.10%	09 Feb 2024	-0.38%	FR0013017944-SBF8N

EN_Etfs_List() and EN_Etfs_List_bis functions

EN_Etfs_List receives as input tot_page which is the total number of pages to retrieve. In contrast, EN_Etfs_List_bis receives as input target_page which represents the target page. For example, the function EN_Etfs_List_bis(5), retrieves only the fifth page of the Etfs list, allowing more granular control of the data retrieval process (ordered list of 100 Etfs), whereas EN_Etfs_List(5) would return an ordered list of 500 Etfs listed on Euronext (on each page there are 100 Etfs, so for 5 pages 5*100 = 500).

Example 4 : Get the list of ETFs quoted on Euronext markets

# Get 1st 500 Etfs in alphabetic order
dt_ <- EN_Etfs_List()
tail(dt_[, c(2:9)])

# The number of columns and rows
dim(dt_)

	Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Bid	Ask	Last_price	Percentage_change
495	AMUNDI US MIN VO	MIVU	LU1589349734	XAMS			$89.569	0.27
496	AMUNDI US STEEPEN	STPU	LU2018762653	XPAR			€87.432	-0.14
497	AMUNDI US TIPS	UIFL	LU1525419294	XPAR			$58.359	NA
498	AMUNDI US-T 10Y+	U10HK	LU2338178648	XPAR			NA674.704	0.10
499	Amundi USASRI	USRI	IE000R85HL30	XPAR			€102.958	0.12
500	Amundi USASRI	USRI	IE000R85HL30	XAMS			$111.09	0.34

#> [1] 500  11

# By default, EN_Etfs_List_bis() returns the list of 100 Etfs in alphabetic order
dt_1 <- EN_Etfs_List_bis()  
# The number of columns and rows
dim(dt_1)
# Head
dt_1.h <- head(dt_1[, c(2:9)])

#> [1] 100  11

Name	Ticker	Code_ISIN	Market	Bid	Ask	Last_price	Percentage_change
$Asia IG Corp US A	ASIG	IE0007G78AC4	XAMS			$4.811	0.14
-1X SHORT DIS	SDIS	XS2337085422	XAMS			€5.9605	0.36
-1X SHORT PLTR	SPLR	XS2337086669	XAMS			€1.2642	-3.27
-1X SHORT PLUG	SPLU	XS2336362079	XAMS			€4.1274	-0.03
-3X ARK INNOVATION	SARKK	XS2399368906	XAMS			€0.5369	-7.86
-3x China Tech	SKWE	XS2399370126	XAMS			€0.31	1.84

EN_Bonds_List() and EN_Bonds_List_bis functions

EN_Bonds_List receives as input tot_page which is the total number of pages to retrieve. In contrast, EN_Bonds_List_bis receives as input target_page which represents the target page. For example, the function EN_Bonds_List_bis(5), retrieves only the fifth page of the Bonds list, allowing more granular control of the data retrieval process (ordered list of 100 Bonds), whereas EN_Bonds_List(5) would return an ordered list of 500 Bonds listed on Euronext (on each page there are 100 Bonds, so for 5 pages 5*100 = 500).

Example 5 : Get the list of Bonds quoted on Euronext markets

# Get 1st 500 Bonds in alphabetic order
dt_b <- EN_Bonds_List()
head(dt_b[, c(2:9)])

tail(dt_b[, c(2:9)])

Name	Issuer	Code_ISIN	Market	Maturity	Coupon	Last_price	Percentage change
2019 PB RMBS TV EU	2019 POPOLARE BARI RMBS	IT0005386724	XMOT	2069-05-31	0.0%
2019 PB RMBS TV EU	2019 POPOLARE BARI RMBS	IT0005386724	XMOT	2069-05-31	0.0%
2019 PB RMBS TV EU	2019 POPOLARE BARI RMBS	IT0005386724	XMOT	2069-05-31	0.0%
2I RETE GAS TF 2,1	2I RETE GAS	IT0005386724	XMOT	2025-09-11	0.0%
2IRG 1.608% CALL 3	2I RETE GAS	IT0005386724	ETLX	2027-10-31	0.0%	93.65	-0.62%
2IRG 1.75% CALL 28	2I RETE GAS	IT0005386724	ETLX	2026-08-28	0.0%

	Name	Issuer	Code_ISIN	Market	Maturity	Coupon	Last_price	Percentage change
495	ALPHATHAI8%28JAN25	ALPHA THAI BENELUX SA	NO0012757709	VPXB	2025-01-28	8.0%
496	ALSTO0.125%27JUL27	ALSTOM	NO0012757709	XPAR	2027-07-27	0.125%
497	ALSTOM0%11JAN29	ALSTOM	NO0012757709	XPAR	2029-01-11	0.0%	99.22	0.30%
498	ALSTOM0.25%14OCT26	ALSTOM	NO0012757709	XPAR	2026-10-14	0.25%
499	ALSTOM0.5%27JUL30	ALSTOM	NO0012757709	XPAR	2030-07-27	0.5%	76.70	-22.72%
500	ALTARE1.75%16JAN30	ALTAREA	NO0012757709	XPAR	2030-01-16	1.75%

dt_b1 <- EN_Bonds_List_bis() #By default returns the list of 100 Bonds in alphabetic order 
head(dt_b1[, c(2:9)])

tail(dt_b1[, c(2:9)])

Name	Issuer	Code_ISIN	Market	Maturity	Coupon	Last_price	Percentage change
2019 PB RMBS TV EU	2019 POPOLARE BARI RMBS	IT0005386724	XMOT	2069-05-31	0.0%
2019 PB RMBS TV EU	2019 POPOLARE BARI RMBS	IT0005386724	XMOT	2069-05-31	0.0%
2019 PB RMBS TV EU	2019 POPOLARE BARI RMBS	IT0005386724	XMOT	2069-05-31	0.0%
2I RETE GAS TF 2,1	2I RETE GAS	IT0005386724	XMOT	2025-09-11	0.0%
2IRG 1.608% CALL 3	2I RETE GAS	IT0005386724	ETLX	2027-10-31	0.0%	93.65	-0.62%
2IRG 1.75% CALL 28	2I RETE GAS	IT0005386724	ETLX	2026-08-28	0.0%

	Name	Issuer	Code_ISIN	Market	Maturity	Coupon	Last_price	Percentage change
95	AAB1.95%7DEC2048	ABN AMRO BANK N.V.	IT0005386724	XAMS	2048-12-07	1.95%
96	AAB2.29%29JUL30	ABN AMRO BANK N.V.	IT0005386724	XAMS	2030-07-29	2.29%
97	AAB2.375%1JUN2027	ABN AMRO BANK N.V.	IT0005386724	XAMS	2027-06-01	2.375%
98	AAB2.47%13DEC29	ABN AMRO BANK N.V.	IT0005386724	XAMS	2029-12-13	2.47%
99	AAB2.47%13DEC29RS	ABN AMRO BANK N.V.	IT0005386724	XAMS	2029-12-13	2.47%
100	AAB3%1JUN2032	ABN AMRO BANK N.V.	IT0005386724	XAMS	2032-06-01	3.0%

EN_GetISIN() function

The function takes a single parameter, ‘ticker,’ which can be the symbol, name, or ISIN of a given stock or index, and then returns its DNA.

Example 6.a : Get DNA (ISIN-Market identifier) of a given Stock or Index listed on Euronext by providing the Symbol or Name, or ISIN of a Stock or an Index.

To efficiently use the ‘Euronext’ package, it is important to understand how to handle Ticker Names, ISIN, and DNA, as many functions in the package rely on these. Note: There is a small difference between ISIN and DNA. Here’s a simple example: the ticker “4DDD” has the ISIN “US88554D2053,” and its DNA is “US88554D2053-ETLX.” As you can see, the DNA is composed of the ISIN and the market identifier “ETLX,” preceded by “-”.

Please refer to the respective functions EN_Stocks_List(), EN_Indices_List(), EN_Etfs_List() or EN_Etfs_List_bis(), EN_Funds_List(), and EN_Bonds_List() or EN_Bonds_List_bis() if you wish to obtain a list of available Stocks, Indices, ETFs, Funds, and Bonds on Euronext.

# Get DNA of ticker "4DDD"
EN_GetISIN("4DDD")
#> [1] "US88554D2053-ETLX"

# Get DNA for the ticker name "ADS MARITIME HOLD"
EN_GetISIN("ADS MARITIME HOLD")
#> [1] "CY0108052115-MERK"

# Get DNA for ATENOR company by providing its ISIN
EN_GetISIN("BE0003837540")
#> [1] "BE0003837540-XBRU"

EN_GetISIN_F() function

Example 6.b : Get DNA (ISIN-Market identifier) of a given fund listed on Euronext by providing its symbol, name, or ISIN.

# Get Fund 'ACOMEA GLOBALE' DNA
aco_dna <- EN_GetISIN_F("ACOMEA GLOBALE")

# In case you want the ISI only
sub("-.*", "", aco_dna) #To get only the ISIN
#> [1] "IT0005091100"

# Get Fund 'ASNU SMALL MIDCAPF' DNA
asnu_dna <- EN_GetISIN_F("ASN5")
print(asnu_dna)
#> [1] "NL0014270217-XAMS"

# Get Fund 'COMPAM ACTIVE GLOB' DNA
EN_GetISIN_F("LU1275425897")
#> [1] "LU1275425897-ATFX"

EN_GetISIN_Etf() function

Example 6.c : Get DNA (ISIN-Market identifier) of a given ETF listed on Euronext by providing its Symbol or Name, or ISIN of a Stock or an Index.

# Get ETF 'AAPL' DNA
EN_GetISIN_Etf("AAPL")
#> [1] "XS2337099563-XAMS"

# Get ETF '-1X SHORT DIS' DNA
EN_GetISIN_Etf("-1X SHORT DIS")
#> [1] "XS2337085422-XAMS"

# Get ETF '3x Long Coinbase' DNA
EN_GetISIN_Etf("XS2399367254")
#> [1] "XS2399367254-XAMS"

EN_GetISIN_B() function

Example 6.d : Get DNA (ISIN-Market identifier) of a given Bond listed on Euronext by providing its Symbol or Name, or ISIN of a Stock or an Index.

#To get only the DNA of all same bonds issued
the_dna1 <- EN_GetISIN_B("ABN AMRO BANK N.V.")
print(the_dna1)
#> [1] "XS1344751968-XAMS"

the_isin1 <- sub("-.*", "", the_dna1) #To get only the ISINs
print(the_isin1)
#> [1] "XS1344751968"

#To get only the DNA of Bond 'A2A GREEN BOND TF'
the_dna2 = EN_GetISIN_B("A2A GREEN BOND TF")
the_isin2 =sub("-.*", "", the_dna2) #To get only the ISIN
print(the_isin2)
#> [1] "XS2403533263"

EN_Ticker_Perfomance() function

This function retrieves the historical performance data of a company listed on the Euronext exchange based on its ticker symbol. It returns a table with details such as the highest and lowest stock prices, date of the highest and lowest prices, and other relevant information. It receives three (3) parameters such us : * ‘ticker’ : A character string representing the company’s ticker symbol, * ‘stock_type’ : The type of the ticker: ‘Eq_Ind’ for Stocks and Indexes, ‘Fund’ or “F” for Fund tickers, ‘Bond’ or “B” for Bond tickers, and ‘Etfs’ or “E” for EFTs. * ‘escape’ : Boolean, either T or F. If escape is True, it means you’re providing the DNA (ISIN-Market identifier) directly. Giving T to escape is helpful to avoid time-consuming operations; otherwise, F means you need to provide the Ticker symbol, name, or ISIN and the type of market to which it belongs. By default, escape = ‘FALSE’

Example 7 : Retrieve historical performance

# Get Performance of Ticker ABCA
dt = EN_Ticker_Perfomance("ABCA")
print(dt)

	D-1	1W	1M	3M	6M	YTD	52W	2Y	3Y	5Y	MAX
Highest	4.37	4.39	4.87	5.12	6.12	4.87	6.64	7.78	8.15	8.15	14.85
Date of the highest	08/02/2024 - 11:39	09/02/2024	09/01/2024	29/11/2023	01/09/2023	09/01/2024	09/02/2023	19/04/2022	22/03/2021	22/03/2021	25/02/2000
Lowest	4.30	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	3.97	1.50
Date of the lowest	08/02/2024 - 13:42	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	11/10/2002
%	0.12	1.86	-9.86	-6.60	-25.72	-8.64	-33.89	-38.34	-39.95	-28.73	-54.74
Change	0.005	0.08	-0.48	-0.31	-1.52	-0.415	-2.25	-2.73	-2.92	-1.77	-5.31
Turnover	351455.57	2296466.55	5363968.36	11.918M	21.231M	6555960.33	45.922M	104.325M	180.230M	311.071M	1.368B
Volume	81201	546905	1220692	2564157	4256949	1473361	8307477	16.700M	27.194M	46.948M	82.247B
Avg Vol	81201	91151	50862	39449	32496	50806	32325	32428	35134	36564	12.694M
Avg Price	4.33	4.20	4.39	4.65	4.99	4.45	5.53	6.25	6.63	6.63	0.02
Nb days	1	6	24	65	131	29	257	515	774	1284	6479

# Get Performance of ETF AAPL
dt_ = EN_Ticker_Perfomance("AAPL", stock_type = "E")
print(dt_)

	D-1	1W	1M	3M	6M	YTD	52W	2Y	3Y	5Y	MAX
Highest	6.979	7.241	7.241	7.271	7.271	7.241	7.271	7.271	7.271	7.271	7.271
Date of the highest	08/02/2024 - 10:21	06/02/2024	06/02/2024	15/12/2023	15/12/2023	06/02/2024	15/12/2023	15/12/2023	15/12/2023	15/12/2023	15/12/2023
Lowest	6.924	6.642	6.625	6.532	6.281	6.532	5.35	4.700	4.030	4.030	4.030
Date of the lowest	08/02/2024 - 16:33	02/02/2024	17/01/2024	08/01/2024	27/10/2023	08/01/2024	02/03/2023	06/01/2023	07/06/2021	07/06/2021	07/06/2021
%	-0.49	2.17	4.51	2.66	7.97	-0.09	21.99	15.25	69.29	69.29	69.29
Change	-0.034	0.147	0.299	0.179	0.511	-0.006	1.247	0.915	2.832	2.832	2.832
Turnover	9985.86	15794.46	19496.90	23239.84	49665.30	19602.17	140167.49	364029.23	438875.72	438875.72	438875.72
Volume	1432	2273	2816	3359	7345	2832	23074	65146	79423	79423	79423
Avg Vol	1432	379	117	52	57	98	90	127	103	62	12
Avg Price	6.97	6.95	6.92	6.92	6.76	6.92	6.07	5.59	5.53	5.53	5.53
Nb days	1	6	24	64	130	29	256	514	773	1283	6478

# Get Performance of Bond issued by A2A S.p.A.
dt1 = EN_Ticker_Perfomance("XS1195347478-ETLX", escape = TRUE)
print(dt1)

	D-1	1W	1M	3M	6M	YTD	52W	2Y	3Y	5Y	MAX
Highest	98.20	99.25	99.25	99.25	99.25	99.25	99.25	99.28	102.85	107.14	108.98
Date of the highest	02/01/2024 - 09:32	11/01/2024	11/01/2024	11/01/2024	11/01/2024	11/01/2024	11/01/2024	09/08/2022	03/02/2022	11/09/2019	14/07/2016
Lowest	98.20	98.45	98.45	97.21	97.02	98.20	96.30	95.38	95.38	95.38	94.28
Date of the lowest	02/01/2024 - 09:32	11/01/2024	11/01/2024	22/11/2023	06/11/2023	02/01/2024	24/02/2023	20/10/2022	20/10/2022	20/10/2022	24/06/2015
%	-0.06	-0.03	0.29	1.02	1.58	0.09	1.01	-4.28	-8.01	-4.46	-2.96
Change	-0.06	-0.03	0.28	0.99	1.53	0.09	0.98	-4.40	-8.56	-4.59	-3.00
Turnover	98200.00		296600.00	590560.00	883180.00	394800.00	3128140.00	6824010.00	7029220.00	8402410.00	18.669M
Volume	100000	300000	600000	900000	1200000	700000	3500000	7300000	7500000	8800000	19.000M
Avg Vol	100000	50000	25000	13636	9091	24138	13410	13985	9579	6748	2902
Avg Price	0.01		0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Nb days	1	6	24	66	132	29	261	522	783	1304	6548

# Get Performance of ACOMEA EMERGING Q2 Fund
dt2 = EN_Ticker_Perfomance("IT0005091126", 'F', escape = FALSE)
print(dt2)

	D-1	1W	1M	3M	6M	YTD	52W	2Y	3Y	5Y	MAX
Highest	10.679	9.955	9.955	9.955	9.955	9.955	10.679	10.847	12.185	12.185	12.185
Date of the highest	06/07/2023 - 15:01	07/12/2023	07/12/2023	07/12/2023	07/12/2023	07/12/2023	06/07/2023	01/06/2022	12/11/2021	12/11/2021	12/11/2021
Lowest	10.679	9.955	9.955	9.955	9.955	9.955	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Date of the lowest	06/07/2023 - 15:01	07/12/2023	07/12/2023	07/12/2023	07/12/2023	07/12/2023	24/03/2023	24/03/2023	24/03/2023	24/03/2023	24/03/2023
%	6.59	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-5.91	-15.26	-3.84	27.89	28.07
Change	0.66	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-0.629	-1.804	-0.40	2.185	2.196
Turnover	5125.92			447.98	447.98		7428.04	291434.81	329300.08	781997.34	1027788.16
Volume	480	45	45	90	90	45	750	26941	30249	86122	118276
Avg Vol	480	8	2	1	1	2	3	53	39	68	18
Avg Price	10.68			4.98	4.98		9.90	10.82	10.89	9.08	8.69
Nb days	1	6	24	64	129	29	255	512	769	1275	6491

# Get Performance of AEX All-Share Index
dt3 = EN_Ticker_Perfomance("AEX All-Share Index GR", escape = FALSE)
print(dt3)

	D-1	1W	1M	3M	6M	YTD	52W	2Y	3Y	5Y	MAX
Highest	4,503.19	4,533.16	4,533.16	4,533.16	4,533.16	4,533.16	4,533.16	4,533.16	4,533.16	4,533.16	4,533.16
Date of the highest	08/02/2024 - 15:37	09/02/2024	09/02/2024	09/02/2024	09/02/2024	09/02/2024	09/02/2024	09/02/2024	09/02/2024	09/02/2024	09/02/2024
Lowest	4,439.38	4,376.39	4,053.49	3,848.59	3,719.88	4,053.49	3,696.85	3,164.52	3,164.52	2,001.91	1,271.98
Date of the lowest	08/02/2024 - 09:00	02/02/2024	17/01/2024	09/11/2023	23/10/2023	17/01/2024	20/03/2023	13/10/2022	13/10/2022	16/03/2020	04/06/2012
%	1.30	3.57	9.89	17.12	13.40	8.42	15.42	18.11	30.15	69.30	248.66
Change	57.81	156.17	408.07	662.51	535.70	351.97	605.70	694.92	1,050.05	1,855.39	3,232.66
Turnover
Volume
Avg Vol
Nb days	1	6	24	64	130	29	256	514	773	1283	6478

EN_Overview_plot() function

As its name suggests, this function retrieves data from the ticker(s) and displays it in graphical form. It offers a convenient method to obtain a quick overview of price trends, facilitating further analysis.

This function accepts up to seven arguments:

• ticker: is the name of the ticker(s)
• from: A quotation start date, i.e. “2020-01-01” or “2020/01/01”. The date must be in ymd format “YYYY-MM-DD” or “YYYY/MM/DD”.
• until : A quoted end date, i.e. “2022-01-31” or “2022/01/31”. The date must be in ymd format “YYYY-MM-DD” or “YYYY/MM/DD”.
• ‘stock_type’: Ticker type: ‘Eq_Ind’ for stocks and indices, ‘Fund’ or “F” for fund tickers, ‘Bond’ or “B” for bond tickers, and ‘Etfs’ or “E” for EFTs.
• escape’: Boolean, either T or F. If escape is True, this means you’re supplying the ISIN-Market identifier (ADN) directly. Giving T to escape is useful to avoid tedious operations; otherwise, F means you must provide the Ticker symbol, the name or ISIN and the type of market to which it belongs. By default, escape = ‘FALSE’.
• up.col : is the color of the rise
• down.col : is the color of the fall

# The default colors for the up and down are 'darkgreen' and 'red', respectively.
chart <- EN_Overview_plot("4ddd")  

# chart

ov_plot  <- EN_Overview_plot(c("NL0010614533", "QS0011211206", "QS0011095914", "QS0011146899"), up.col = "blue")

# ov_plot

EN_plot() function

This EN_plot() function is distinct from the EN_Overview_plot() function, although they share similar parameters (ticker, from, to, stock_type, escape, up.col, down.col) Note: Important to note that when using EN_plot(),only historical data from the past two years is available. This differs from EN_Overview_plot(), where data is available from the inception year of the company’s listing.

Example 8 : Get historical performance

#It is also possible to plot stock data chart for more than one ticker
#Let's plot '3D SYSTEMS CORP' chart

chart1 <- EN_plot("AAX")

# chart1

# You can change up and down colors
# Etf AAPL
# EN_plot("aapl", stock_type = 'E', up.col = "blue", down.col = "pink")

# It is also possible to plot stock data chart for more than one ticker
# Let's plot some equities chart

chart2 <- EN_plot(c("AAX", "QS0011016480", "AEX2S", "ADIDAS", "ADOBE", "ALFEN BEHEER", "1GOOGL"))

# chart2

# It is also possible to plot stock data chart for more than one ticker
# Let's plot three ETFs chart

chart3 <- EN_plot(c("IE0007G78AC4", "MANA", "3TSM"), stock_type = 'E')

# chart3

EN_Ticker_infos() function

This function retrieves detailed information for a given stock ticker on the Euronext exchange. It includes information such as currency, last traded price, valuation close, volume, turnover, transactions, VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price), open, high, low, threshold, previous close, 52-week range, and market capitalization. The data is returned as a data frame.

Inputs : - ticker A character string representing the company’s ticker, name, or ISIN. - stock_type The type of the ticker: ‘Eq_Ind’ for Stocks and Indexes, ‘Fund’ or “F” for Fund tickers,‘Bond’ or “B” for Bond tickers, and ‘Etfs’ or “E” for EFTs. - escape Boolean, either T or F. If escape is True, it means you’re providing the DNA (ISIN-Market identifier) directly. Giving T to escape is helpful to avoid time-consuming operations; otherwise, F means you need to provide the Ticker symbol, name, or ISIN and the type of market to which it belongs.

Example 9.a : Get Information for an Equity

# Retrieve news for the equity "AALBERTS N.V." using its DNA
equity_infos <- EN_Ticker_infos("NL0000852564-XAMS", escape = TRUE)
print(equity_infos)

Information	Detail	Update date/Time
Currency	EUR
Last Traded	36.00	[09/02/2024 17:35]
Valuation Close	36.00	[09/02/2024]
Volume	106,273	[09/02/2024 17:35]
Turnover	3,829,762
Transactions	790
VWAP	36.0370
Open	36.14
High	36.35	[09:08]
Low	35.86	[16:31]
Threshold	37.80 - 34.20	[09/02/2024 17:35]
Previous Close	36.07	[08/02/2024]
52 Week	28.83 - 48.53
Market Cap	3.981B

Example 9.b : Get Information for an Index

# Retrieve news for the index "AEX All-Share Index GR" using its symbol
index_infos <- EN_Ticker_infos("QS0011224977-XAMS", escape = TRUE)
print(index_infos)

Information	Detail	Update date/Time
Open	4,497.27
High	4,533.16	[17:12]
Low	4,497.27	[09:00]
Previous Close	4,497.27	[08/02/2024]
52 Week	3,696.85 - 4,533.16

Example 9.c : Get Information for a Bond

# Retrieve news for the bond "AAB0.45%12DEC2036" using its DNA
bond_infos <- EN_Ticker_infos("XS2093705064-XAMS", escape = TRUE)
print(bond_infos)

Information	Detail	Update date/Time
Currency	%
Last Traded
Valuation Close	100.00	[09/02/2024]
Open
High
Low
Threshold	103.00 - 97.00	[03/04/2023 03:01]
Previous Close
52 Week	- </td>

EN_intraday_Data() function

The EN_intraday_Data() function fetches intraday price data for a specified stock on Euronext. It allows you to retrieve either today’s intraday prices or the previous day’s intraday prices, with “Today” being the default option. The function returns a data frame containing the intraday stock information.

Inputs : - ticker: A character string representing the stock ticker or name. - day_type : A character string specifying the type of intraday price to fetch. Options are “Today” or “Previous” day. Default is “Today.” You can also use ‘T’ for ‘Today’ or ‘P’ for ‘Previous’. - stock_type : The type of the ticker, which can be ‘Eq_Ind’ for Stocks and Indexes, ‘Fund’ or “F” for Fund tickers, ‘Bond’ or “B” for Bond tickers, and ‘Etfs’ or “E” for ETFs. escape: A Boolean value (either T or F). If escape is set to True, it indicates that the DNA (ISIN-Market identifier) is provided directly. Using True for escape can help avoid time-consuming operations. If escape is set to False, the function expects the Ticker symbol, name, or ISIN, along with the type of market to which it belongs. - nbitems: An integer specifying the number of items to fetch. Default is 30 (also the maximum).

Example 10.a : Get recent intraday prices for an Equity

# Get recent intraday prices of ABCA share for 10 items
intra_ = EN_intraday_Data("ABCA", day_type = 'T', nbitems = 10)
print(intra_)

Tradeid	Time	Price	Volume	Type
1OK98HZJZ	17:35:09	4.39	1	Auction
1OK98HZJY	17:35:09	4.39	12	Auction
1OK98HZJX	17:35:09	4.39	53	Auction
1OK98HZJW	17:35:09	4.39	41	Auction
1OK98HZJV	17:35:09	4.39	111	Auction
1OK98HZJU	17:35:09	4.39	39	Auction
1OK98HZJT	17:35:09	4.39	317	Auction
1OK98HZJS	17:35:09	4.39	127	Auction
1OK98HZJR	17:35:09	4.39	110	Auction
1OK98HZJQ	17:35:09	4.39	13	Auction

Example 10.b : Get recent intraday prices of ACOMEA EMERGING Q2 Fund

intra_1 = EN_intraday_Data("IT0005091126", 'F', escape = FALSE, day_type = 'T')
print(intra_1)

Tradeid	Time	Price	Volume	Type
5FC6J23R	15:00:48	9.955	45	OffBook On Exchange

Example 10.c : Get Previous intraday prices of ETF AAPL by providing directly the ISIN-Market identifier

intra_2 = EN_intraday_Data("XS2337099563-XAMS", escape = T, day_type = 'Previous')
print(intra_2)

Tradeid	Time	Price	Volume	Type
321Y30WCE	16:33:59	6.9238	100	Exchange Continuous
321Y30TUR	11:22:27	6.9755	222	Exchange Continuous
321Y30TN0	10:50:37	6.9763	333	Exchange Continuous
321Y30TJ6	10:33:49	6.9771	444	Exchange Continuous
321Y30TGJ	10:21:46	6.9789	333	Exchange Continuous
	09:04:27	6.9608	1	Valuation Trade

Example 10.d : Get Previous intraday prices of AEX All-Share Index

intra_3 = EN_intraday_Data("AEX All-Share Index GR", day_type = 'P')
print(intra_3)

Tradeid	Time	Price	Volume	Type
	18:05:02	4,497.27		Closing Reference index
	18:00:01	4,497.27		Closing Reference index
	17:57:15	4,497.23		Real-time index
	17:54:45	4,497.24		Real-time index
	17:54:30	4,497.25		Real-time index
	17:54:15	4,497.24		Real-time index
	17:51:16	4,497.25		Real-time index
	17:51:00	4,497.26		Real-time index
	17:46:00	4,497.25		Real-time index
	17:42:30	4,497.26		Real-time index

Authors :
* Koffi Frederic Sessie (koffisessie@gmail.com)

Creator : Koffi Frederic Sessie
cph (Copyright Holder) : Koffi Frederic Sessie

License : MIT 2024, Koffi Frederic SESSIE. All rights reserved.